On Monday evening, for the first time in aerospace history, a rocket took off vertically from its launchpad, pierced the boundary of space and deposited its second stage into orbit, and returned intact to Earth, landing upright not far from where its journey began.
The private American company SpaceX—and its self-avowedly supervillain-esque CEO, Elon Musk— have at last seized the quarry that their company has pursued for years: VTOL, or the Vertical Take Off and Landing of an orbital rocket.
The task was completed by a Falcon 9 rocket, which launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida at 8:29 p.m. Eastern time. Even if the take-off had not gone successfully, the launch signified a return to flight for SpaceX: The company had not successfully launched a rocket since a different Falcon 9 exploded immediately after take-off in June.
The company had attempted two previous vertical landings. In January of this year, and again in April, a Falcon 9 rocket failed to touch down on the custom-built robotic barge waiting for it in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. Both times, the rocket nearly hit its mark, before a system failed and the entire vehicle toppled over:
The company’s quest took on new urgency last month. Two days before Thanksgiving, Blue Origin, a space tourism company owned by Jeff Bezos, announced that it had successfully launched an uncrewed rocket and landed it upright in the Arizona desert. Musk congratulated Bezos on Twitter after the launch, but he and his team were quick to highlight, correctly, that Blue Origin’s rocket could never have entered orbit.