Bernard Lewis

Is Islam by its very nature antithetical to the development of democratic institutions? A distinguished historian contemplates this difficult question, one whose answer is fraught with consequence for several troubled regions of the world

• Bernard Lewis
• February 1993 Issue

• Bernard Lewis
• November 2007 Issue

Religions and the meeting of civilization

• Bernard Lewis
• May 2003 Issue

By all standards of the modern world—economic development, literacy, scientific achievement—Muslim civilization, once a mighty enterprise, has fallen low. Many in the Middle East blame a variety of outside forces. But underlying much of the Muslim world's travail may be a simple lack of freedom

• Bernard Lewis
• January 2002 Issue