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James Fallows

James Fallows - James Fallows is a national correspondent for The Atlantic and has written for the magazine since the late 1970s. He has reported extensively from outside the United States, and once worked as President Carter's chief speechwriter. His latest book, China Airborne, will be published in May.
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James Fallows is based in Washington as a national correspondent for The Atlantic. He has worked for the magazine for nearly 30 years and in that time has also lived in Seattle, Berkeley, Austin, Tokyo, Kuala Lumpur, Shanghai, and Beijing. He was raised in Redlands, California, received his undergraduate degree in American history and literature from Harvard, and received a graduate degree in economics from Oxford as a Rhodes scholar. In addition to working for The Atlantic, he has spent two years as chief White House speechwriter for Jimmy Carter, two years as the editor of US News & World Report, and six months as a program designer at Microsoft. He is an instrument-rated private pilot. He is also now the chair in U.S. media at the US Studies Centre at the University of Sydney, in Australia.

Fallows has been a finalist for the National Magazine Award five times and has won once; he has also won the American Book Award for nonfiction and a N.Y. Emmy award for the documentary series Doing Business in China. He was the founding chairman of the New America Foundation. His two most recent books, Blind Into Baghdad (2006) and Postcards From Tomorrow Square (2009), are based on his writings for The Atlantic; he is at work on another book about China. He is married to Deborah Fallows, author of the recent book Dreaming in Chinese. They have two married sons.

Fallows welcomes and frequently quotes from reader mail sent via the "Email" button below. Unless you specify otherwise, we consider any incoming mail available for possible quotation -- but not with the sender's real name unless you explicitly state that it may be used. If you are wondering why Fallows does not use a "Comments" field below his posts, please see previous explanations here and here.

Two non-Chinese views on Chinese education, management, etc

By James Fallows
May 10 2009, 9:18 AM ET

Following this Chinese view a little while ago, and this kickoff to the discussion.

First, from reader Terry Foecke. After the jump, from a non-Chinese person currently teaching in a Chinese school who doesn't want his (or her) name to be used. I'm not planning to run every letter that comes in -- lots have -- but these are very representative of views from non-Chinese people working inside Chinese schools or companies and valuable in that way. They also resonate with Randy Pollock's LA Times op-ed about his business students.

Foecke writes:
My connection with these effects is through working with second- and third-tier Chinese suppliers to US-based companies.  My job was to improve the production process (mostly electroplating, with some heat treating and stamping/machining) enough to assure consistent results.

After a personal run-in period, I finally got it through my head that even my own (Chinese) engineers were extremely reluctant to deliver bad news.  Furthermore, their definition of "bad news" was far broader than I could have imagined.  This leads to a lively chase when Step 1 is "Identify Problem(s).

We did our best work when we had a late night and stopped for their kind of Chinese meal. 


Over beers and stinky tofu [name of a dish, not a perjorative anecdote] and too much of everything we would finally bond and they would let loose some details.  But next day all was non-lubricated and reluctant.  I was told by factory rats more grizzled than I that this was due to their education, or the culture, or that they had been working in an SOE [State Owned Enterprise] where only quantity not quality mattered.

I don't think I ever heard a convincing train of logic, though.  The closest I came was when my business partner (resident in China for 18 years) suggested that expecting linear reasoning and what he called "single" answers was not going to work very well.  Every answer has a context, he explained, and sometimes if the context changes, the answer changes.  Everything is fine when you are measuring thickness-0.001 mm is always just that.  But terms like "withdraw quickly" or "bend until snaps" or "high gloss"-to say nothing of shades of colors-were not going to be very useful.  And asking if a worker is "well-informed" or "a hard worker" - even in the interest of process investigation-was pretty much hopeless.

I think I get it, but I don't, not really.  Some is just working in another language.  I've done process optimization aimed at sustainable manufacturing all over the world, so I know how poorly I actually can communicate.  But China is different, and might be different in some ways that education can't reach.
A foreigner teaching English in China writes:

Man oh man! We are up to our lips in this, this, mmmmmm, stuff!


Left to ourselves with the customers, because we are at a third tier school glad to have us (basically a money pump for 'economically motivated' local leaders) and because our students understand us for the well intentioned, take no prisoners, YOU WILL LEARN TO DO THIS, jerks that we are, we are having a wonderful time initiating many projects, some based on Mr. Liu's ideas. [An educational reformer profiled in this China Daily article.] This is not a common Chinese experience for expat teachers of English.

I come firmly down on the 'China's education system sucks and must be completely remodeled for the country to have a future' side of the discussion. China (including Tibet and Taiwan) has been awarded six Nobel Prizes. The United States, with less than one fourth the population, has been awarded 309. Canada has 17! [List by country here.]

The Nobel is just one indicator of course, but it is awarded for creativity. Chinese college students have had creativity leached out of their systems by the stupefying experience of their first 12 years of school. I have been, as I trust you have as well, in Chinese rural schools from Baotou to Lhasa. They are a disaster. I have come to believe that such horrific conditions cannot be an accident. Ignorant people are easier to control than are those who have a glimmer of understanding, and ideas of their own.

I think it is a well thought through, deliberate policy. Perhaps these news articles [the one on Mr. Liu, plus this] are signs of high level change?

I am extremely chary of using Nobel prize lists as a proxy for anything. The literature prize is notoriously "political," to say nothing of the peace prize. The economics prize -- technically not a Nobel prize but the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Memory of Alfred Nobel -- is often political in its own way. And the hard-sciences prizes are in part a proxy for the wealth and sophistication of the research establishments in various nations. Ie, working in an advanced nation may be a necessary though obviously not a sufficient condition for front-line research. Someone with the most inventive and creative mind imaginable might have a hard time doing prize-worthy work if she spent her life in, say, Equatorial Guinea.

Still, the huge disproportions on the list do show something -- especially given (a) that Chinese emigrees and ethnically Chinese scientists are very successful in labs in North America, Europe, etc, and (b) that China, while on average still a very poor country, does have the resources to pour into high-end research and could afford to equip labs as fancy as anyone's -- much as it has created the sports-training establishment on display at last year's Olympics.


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