Ta-Nehisi Coates

Ta-Nehisi Coates is a senior editor at The Atlantic, where he writes about culture, politics, and social issues. He is the author of the memoir The Beautiful Struggle. More

Born in 1975, the product of two beautiful parents. Raised in West Baltimore -- not quite The Wire, but sometimes ill all the same. Studied at the Mecca for some years in the mid-'90s. Emerged with a purpose, if not a degree. Slowly migrated up the East Coast with a baby and my beloved, until I reached the shores of Harlem. Wrote some stuff along the way.

My Words Are Bigger Than Yours

Last year, my friend Neil Drumming blogged here about the making of his movie "Big Words." That movie is now a fact and will be on display at the Brooklyn Academy of Music on this Friday

The backdrop for the movie is election night 2008--though Obama is really beside the point. The plot is nominally about four dudes from a golden age hip-hop group stumbling into reunion. But they don't make any music. 

I've seen the movie, and I love it. I love it mostly because it features black people as actual black people--which is to say not standing around discussing how blacketyblack they are. I'll be in the house on Friday. I hope you will too.


The Life and Death of Great Virtual Cities

There have been a lot of conversations, over the past few days, about the health of this blog's community. We've held one of them online here, another on Facebook and another internally here at the Atlantic. I'm a little talked out so forgive me for not offering much of a preamble.

Here is what you need to know: We will, from now on, have two community moderators to help me manage the inflow of comments. The moderators will be Sandy Young and Kathleen Bachynski. Sandy and Kathleen (who comments under Michigan_Reader) were selected because I found them to be the most reserve and level-headed commenters among those who visit regularly. I've corresponded with both offline, and have found them both to be trustworthy. So we've given them the keys. 

Please be respectful. Please be decent. I don't know what else to say. I don't feel like much of a Khan anymore. 

Toward a Black Jesse James

DornerVictims.jpg
Monica Quan and Keith Lawrence (Facebook)

In my twitter (and maybe in yours) and around the web, I keep hearing what I can only call an attempt to redeem Christopher Dorner's murderous rampage. These redemption narratives, from what I can tell, are a mish-mash of cynicism, anger and left-wing populism. Heaped on top of that is LAPD's incredibly ugly history of corruption, racism and mayhem. If you've forgotten what a mess that was, go here. Finally, there's the fact that Dorner himself claimed that he was motivated by racism within the department, and that he'd been fired after blowing the whistle on an instance of police brutality. It would not surprise me if both charges were true.

The urge to make myth, to try and redeem humans who commit immoral acts under the flag of moral causes, is understandable. It's understandable in those who look at Jesse James and see not the straight white supremacist, but the scourge of greedy bankers and acquisitive industrialists against whom, it seemed, none could stand. And it's more understandable among a people disproportionately brutalized by the police who look at Christopher Dorner, and see not a murderer but a plague on a police force that is, itself, above the law.

But those who would form hard arguments based on myth need to confront something -- Christopher Dorner was a murderer:

Four days before her death, Monica Quan had news for her team. Quan, an assistant coach at Cal State Fullerton, held up her hand to show off an engagement ring. The players screamed and huddled around her for a closer look, head coach Marcia Foster recalled. Quan was as happy as her basketball players, and later said she wished she had recorded the moment. She loved to have pictures taken with her friends. She wanted a big wedding, and her fiance, Keith Lawrence, a public safety officer at USC, was trying to work extra hours to make it possible.... 
The couple was talking about who would be in the wedding party. They had yet to pick a date and a location when they were found Feb. 3, shortly after the Super Bowl, shot to death in their car in the parking structure of their Irvine condominium complex. They had multiple gunshot wounds. There were no signs of a robbery, and investigators ruled out a murder-suicide. 
The next day, Quan's father got a call from a close friend of the family. Randal Quan, a former captain with the Los Angeles Police Department, and Wayne Caffey, a detective with the Southeast Division, had known one another for almost 25 years. Caffey recalled their conversation. 

"We lost her," Quan said. "She's gone." The two men were overwhelmed by the senselessness of the slayings. We don't know anything, Quan said; we don't know what happened. He would later learn that his daughter and her fiance were probably killed by a former LAPD officer who had been fired in 2009; Randal Quan had represented Christopher Jordan Dorner at his termination hearing. 

 What was once incomprehensible -- the deaths of these two young people -- was now considered a revenge killing. The reasons were spelled out in an 11,000-word post police found on a Facebook page that they believe belonged to Dorner, 33, who is now a fugitive. 

 "I never had the opportunity to have a family of my own," Dorner supposedly wrote. "I'm terminating yours."
I don't really know how anyone, with any sort of coherence, adopts Christopher Dorner as a symbol in the fight against police brutality, given how he brutalized those two human beings. I cannot understand, except to say that sometimes our own anger, our pain, becomes so blinding that we fail to see the pain of others. This is the seed of inhumanity, and inhumanity is the seed of the very police brutality which we all deplore.

In my time here I have blogged relentlessly about police brutality. It's an important and legit issue. When cops brutalize innocent black people, they erode the contract between citizen and country. But the case against police brutality enjoys more eloquent, and more moral, voices than a coward who ambushes innocent people in a parking garage. We don't need a Jesse James. No one needs a Jesse James.

The Art of Infinite War

I am sitting in Baltimore Washington Airport. I am waiting on my flight to back to Boston. While going through security I refused to go through the full body scanner, and asked for the pat-down. I generally do that as a rule these days. The wait was longer than usual, about 20 minutes or so. This did not worry me. My flight was delayed an hour anyway. But standing there watching people go through, and thinking back on our conversations around drones, and our current war against Al Qaeda and its affiliates, something came to me -- I can't see how this war ends.

We have set as our goal the destruction of Al Qaeda and its affiliates, and the safe-guarding of every single American life against murder at their hands. That strikes me as a reasonable undertaking, and one that any state acting in its interests might undertake. One problem with this is that America prides itself on a kind of moral exceptionalism. We do not, in fact, view ourselves as merely acting in our own interests, but as a force for good in the world. But the more vexing problem is that it means a kind of perpetual war. 

President Obama lays out his second-term vision for America. See full coverage
Do we really have it in our power to guarantee that no group of young men ever again organize themselves under the banner of Islamism and set the destruction of America as their goal? And why should we restrict our concerns to Islamism? Surely there will be (and are) other protean fighters who claim no country and who will swear themselves to our destruction. Why should we not also war against them? 

Consider what this means. The president is anti-torture -- which is to say he thinks the water-boarding of actual confirmed terrorist Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was wrong. He thinks it was wrong, no matter the goal -- which is to say the president would not countenance the torture of an actual terrorist to foil a plot against the country he's sworn to protect. But the president would countenance the collateral killing of innocent men, women and children by drone in pursuit of an actual terrorist. What is the morality that holds the body of a captured enemy inviolable, but not the body of those who happen to be in the way?

I thought about this when MSNBC's progressive pundit Krystal Ball made the following critique recently:

There is something about this drone debate, though, that is driving me nuts. And that is the charge, mostly by Republicans, that if you feel any different about the drone program under President Obama than you would have under President George W. Bush, you are an utter, hopeless hypocrite. Let me ask you a question. How would you feel about a Madeleine Albright panel on women and body image? Okay, now how do you feel about a Larry Flynt panel on women and body image? How do you feel about your kid in Dr. Ruth's sex-ed class versus Todd Akin's? Do you feel different about Warren Buffett setting standards for financial ethics versus Bernie Madoff? Of course you do, because you're normal. But according to the Republican logic used during this drone debate, if you feel any different about the Madeleine Albright and Larry Flynt panels, you are a hypocrite. 

My label-mate Conor Friedersdorf sees progressive hypocrisy in this comment. I see it as a statement from someone who was likely less bothered by the fact of war than the fact of George Bush. If this is the case, if we -- liberals and conservatives -- are not so much bothered by war, as we are by incompetent war, what is the motive for war to ever end? The motive for not seeing American soldier shot is clear. But war no longer requires this. 

Here is what I would like to know: Can any of us imagine a time when we are not firing weapons into foreign countries; when we are not stripping down to our socks for travel; when we are not sending agents into mosques to foment plots; when we are not spying on Muslim students? What reason is there to view this moment when we do not torture as anything more than a brief interlude? Is this just who we are, now? Or is it, in fact, who we have always been? Can any of us actually imagine the end?

The Excellent Age of No-Fuss Drones and Remarkable War

I wanted to make sure everyone saw Dexter Filkins' response to this weeks news regarding Obama's justification for the killing of American citizens, as well as the hearings to confirm John Brennan. Filkins describes an earlier visit to meet with villagers in Yemen. The villagers were survivors of an attack by their own government against an alleged Al Qaeda training camp. 

Except it later came out that the attack was not launched by the Yemenese government at all, but by Americans lobbing tomahawk missiles into the town of Al-Majalah. To be clear there were Al-Qaeda fighters in the village but the ultimate numbers are chilling--14 Al Qaeda dead, 41 civilians, 23 of whom were children:

Later, when I spoke to American officials, they seemed genuinely perplexed. They didn't deny that a large number of civilians had been killed. They felt bad about it. But the aerial surveillance, they said, had clearly showed that a training camp for militants was operating there. "It was a terrible outcome," an American official told me. "Nobody wanted that."

None of the above is intended as an attack on Brennan, who has spent the past four years as President Obama's counterterrorism advisor. He has a hard job. He is almost always forced to act on the basis of incomplete information. His job is to keep Americans safe, and he's done that. Al Qaeda's leadership, particularly in the tribal areas of Pakistan, has been decimated. Operating in Yemen, where vast tracts of the country lie beyond anyone's control, cannot be easy.

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Western Thought for Class Clowns and Erstwhile Nationalists

Leviathan (Introduction)

Having gotten my head handed to me the last time we discussed Hobbes' introduction, I think I should play the back this time. With that said, I do want to highlight one comment from last week. I think it says a lot about Hobbes' approach, which he lays out in his Introduction:

Hobbes is trying to make an argument about statecraft, and is arguing (implicitly, at least) that you cannot learn from historical example. Instead of studying great leaders and great nations of the past or in the present - such as Machiavelli for instance constantly does - one should look inward, and try to deduct the nature of man from a reflection upon one's own nature. He is, one could say, an anti-historical thinker, and this is him articulating why he is so. 

And this is more or less what Hobbes does in Leviathan. Instead of studying former, stable states, he makes an argument about the nature of man, the nature of passions and the nature of language - and from that basis, he constructs an argument regarding the kind of political organization which is necessary to create a politically stable state.
The word that springs to mind for me is "theorycraft," though perhaps of the highest order. I hope this conversation continues into the weekend. I will promote at the end of each day to keep it going.

OK. On y va...

Liberals With Guns

Most of us know Horde centurion Erik Vanderhoff for his enthusiasm for guns. His feelings regarding guns are not very common around these parts. Which is why I wanted to hear more from him. Below are some of his thoughts. The hope is that a productive conversation will follow. 

I suppose, first off, I should point out that "gun nut" is a bit of a pejorative. And, despite some claims to the contrary, I have a pretty minor case of the obsessive-compulsive collecting that gun addiction can spark; but addiction it is - once you become serious about guns and shooting, you do start to think a lot about them. I don't know of any major research into the phenomenon, but my clinical training leads me to think that the adrenaline and the focus required in shooting, even just at a simple range, are physiologically and psychologically powerful forces. I've never been one for yoga or meditation, but I imagine the mindset required similar to going to the range: Shooting a gun requires intense focus on your task for safety's sake, and shooting well requires the imposition of calm over both body and mind. I am, oddly enough, never more at mental peace than when I go to the range. 

In discussing gun ownership with my family, some friends, and many the Internet liberal, I often get the urge to be defensive, as though I need to justify my hobby to them, lest I be dismissed as a lunatic. Your average liberals, for all our vaunted curiosity and stereo-typical claim to ownership of "reality-based" thinking, don't really know all that much about guns or gun ownership. This makes for a real problem in crafting effective laws for firearm regulation and for selling those laws to the people whose exercise of rights and property they will affect. Occasionally such laws actually end up being accepted and successful; for example, the California "drop-safety" law has made handguns much safer should you drop a loaded one. But they can also work counter-intuitively: California, again, with its "magazine disconnect" law added moving parts to semi-automatic handguns so that a loaded chamber could not fire with the magazine removed. The addition of this part makes the gun more prone to jamming and misfire, and thus less safe.

The bottom line, for me, is that guns are fun. Yes, there's a thrill to the bang, to the power you know you're holding in your hand even when it's just using my little Ruger Mark III 22/45 .22-caliber rimfire ("Just makes a small hole!" as Robin Williams once said). But for me, the most fun is the painstaking care you have to take - I don't usually function in my day-to-day life with the kind of precision a gun requires - and that utter focus the act of shooting requires. Learning how different types of guns function, how different calibers interact with weight, size, barrel-length, and so on to become different functioning wholes and how small movements of the body radically effect their precision and function... Amazing. Do you or a friend collect cars or motorcycles? Or even computers or stereos? It's the same deal. You want to buy the latest GeForce visual card or Suzuki SV650, I drool over a custom Nighthawk TRP 1911 in .45 ACP.

I had a very interesting conversation with my wife's father this Christmas over guns; he has ever been very supportive of my interest in shooting, and himself owns several firearms. I learned, for the first time, that he used to have an older sister. They were visiting his uncle, who accidentally dropped a loaded revolver while moving it from his underwear drawer. The revolver went off, the bullet passed through the wall of the bedroom into the living room, and killed my father-in-law's sister, instantly. She was nine. Despite a very personal connection to gun violence and death, my father-in-law has never stopped owning guns; what he has been is incredibly committed to safety, keeping them locked in safes and teaching his children from a very early age to respect the danger they pose.

There is no denying the seriousness of owning a gun over any other sports addiction that requires you to spend insane amounts of money and time in participating, like say golf. Guns are tools, yes, as many gun advocates state repeatedly, but they are tools primarily of killing, even when, as with myself, they are used for sport. While I have a serious philosophical and physical commitment to self-defense as the bedrock for all of the political and social rights we assert, when it comes to guns the reality of having small children makes using guns for defense more theoretical than practical in my life. Now that my son is of the "What's this thing I'm not supposed to touch?" phase of development, the guns remain disassembled, individually locked in their cases, and no ammunition is kept in the home. I've done the math, looked at the crime statistics in my city and my neighborhood, and know that they do not justify the slightest chance that my young children will find a loaded gun and be able to get into where it is stored for access. Neither of them will become a statistic because of my erroneous calculations.

2012 was a particularly bad year in the United States for mass shootings, hosting the most deaths from such events since 1982. This has led to a wholly appropriate public outcry against politics as normal with respect to the Second Amendment, pitting, on its face, ideologically-rigid gun owners against an unarmed and fearful majority clamoring for relief from what is seen as the constant threat of a fusillade of bullets. Faced with a gun culture awash in the mythology of lone gunmen warring against a vicious and capricious world on one extreme with the loathing and distrust of my political peers, I find myself - a California liberal with a fondness for firearms - in the uncomfortable position of being distrusted by both sides of the gun control debate, viewed as a quisling by gun rights advocates and as party to a foreign culture to the gun control advocates. Where I would hope people such as myself could be the connections that allow for increased, pragmatic regulation of firearms that respects their history and part in American culture, I find instead only distrust from all sides. It is my hope that fear and hostility can give way when confronted with mutual respect and information.




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Some Perspective on the NFL and the Concussion Debate

I think I've been fairly clear about my feelings on the NFL, concussions, and CTE. But I think it's important to keep tabs on the perspectives of those who are, in some form, a part of the game. Here is the perspective of Deion Sanders, for instance:

"The game is a safe game, the equipment is better. I don't buy all these guys coming back with these concussions. I'm not buying all that. Half these guys are trying to make money off the deal. That's real talk. That's really how it is. I wish they'd be honest and tell the truth because it's keeping kids away from our game."
Below is a clip of ESPN's First Take responding to these comments. To be clear on the facts, please feel free to consult our handy time-line. I post all of this because I think, more than the fact of brain injury, it was the conversation around brain injury that drove me away. I keep going back to Orwell. To paraphrase, profiting from a violent game in which brain injury is a possibility can be defended, but mostly by arguments that we are unwilling to face. 

It may, for instance, be true that we actually need the structured violence of football to satiate something inside us. But this raises the question of what we owe those who give of their brains and body to satiate that need. Perhaps nothing more than the adulation and salaries they receive. I don't agree with that, but it's an argument in a way that "Why aren't you suing college football?" isn't. (It's changing the subject, as well as an attack on motives.) Or "Half these guys are trying to make money" isn't. (That's just ad hominem.) 

I find the need to deflect and dissemble much more disturbing than the actual violence. I think violence can be defended in a way that dissembling about violence can not. 

Writing a Column for the New York Times Is Harder Than It Looks

Any day that I have a column coming out in the New York Times is a good one. The megaphone of the Times' edit page is rather ridiculous. I'm half-expecting Kendrick Lamar himself to text me -- not because the column is so extraordinary, but because a shocking number, and range, of people read it. I've never seen anything like it. This causes no small amount of stress when I'm writing. I don't want to embarrass myself by saying something lazy or stupid. And I also want to sound good.

I'm always flattered to get tweets or comments from people barking at Andy Rosenthal to give me a job. This conveniently overlooks the fact that I have a job, and that the edit page has a full roster of columnists. But more than that, it ignores the fact that my writing for the Times is rather irregular, and that I endure none of the pressures that a Gail Collins or David Brooks must cope with.

Here is an exercise: Spend a week counting all the original ideas you have. Then try to write each one down, in all its nuance, in 800 words. Perhaps you'd be very successful at this. Now try to do it for four weeks. Then two months, then six, then a year, then five years. Add on to that all other ambitions you might have -- teaching, blogging, writing long-form articles, speaking, writing books. etc. How do you think you'd fare? I won't go so far as to say I'd fail. But I strongly suspect that the some of the same people who were convinced this would be a perfect marriage, would -- inside of a year -- be tweeting, "Remember when that dude could actually write? Oh that's right, he never could write. #lulz"

I end up recycling ideas in my own blogging, and blogging is a much more forgiving form. I can't imagine how'd cope with the demands of staying fresh for a regular column. The point I'm making isn't that you shouldn't criticize columnists at the Times (I've done my share of criticizing), but that you should have some sense of the built-in structural limitations of the form. They are formidable.

Those columns generally take me three to five days to pull together. They are a good bit of work. And then there's the fact-check the night before they're published. So while I appreciate the compliments, and I really do, I'm actually left with a grudging respect for the job of columnists. It really is a lot harder than it looks.

Elections Have Consequences—for Dick Morris

Tricky Dick, we totally knew ya:
No more Fox News contributor Dick Morris. His contract to spout republic-damaging nonsense on Fox airwaves has expired, and the network isn't renewing it. Taken together with the news that Sarah Palin will no longer be contributing, the Morris development is strong evidence that Fox News has glimpsed the underside of allowing charlatans to brand its coverage. Palin was a roboto-contributor, who responded to everything with a little crack on the lamestream media and a reference President Obama's socialist heart.

As for Morris's misdeeds, well, everyone knows what they are. That's because Fox News presented them so prominently in the run-up to last year's presidential election. In his prime-time, pre-election appearances, Morris was among the few pundits who wouldn't hedge his bets; who wouldn't triangulate his way through the polling numbers; who wouldn't rummage through scenario after scenario in his analysis. No, Dick Morris was predicting a Mitt Romney landslide. Fox News fell for it, and surely millions of Americans did as well.
The problem with Dick Morris is the problem with all the other pundits who were unskewing and consulting their feelings -- they were bullshitting. It's not so much that they were wrong, it's that they didn't care. Most of those pundits are still in power. 

This isn't merely a problem that pops up during elections. Over the weekend I went on a Twitter rant about Glen Kessler's column on Obama's skeet-shoot claims. What I had forgotten, amid my anger, is that Kessler's "fact check" is, itself, a part of the entertainment style of political reporting. Part of this is us. This kind of media exists for a reason. People consume it.

The Life and Death of Great Virtual Cities

Friends. The great Clive Thompson  (Wired, The Times Magazine, New York) is doing some writing on virtual communities and how and why they hold together. He is actually writing a book, and I think he may well be covering more than that. But this morning we spent an hour or so talking about The Horde, much of it concerned with what works and what doesn't. As you guys know, I've been very interested in this question.

At any rate I mentioned to Clive that you guys have a Facebook group and have had meetups here in New York, in Washington D.C. and in Chicago. (Anywhere else? Seattle maybe?) Clive was interested in talking to some of you about this community and how it works. I'm opening this space hoping you guys can share any insights. Clive will be jumping in to conversate. Please share your experiences.

On a sidenote Clive is one of the most interesting thinkers I've ever had the luxury of interacting with. When we were talking this morning he had an ability to take the long theories of community I was expressing, and render them in five words. (That's his headline.) He is also the spouse of the best television critic in the business, Emily Nussbaum. Their kids will one day rule us all. Watch out.

Kendrick Lamar Among the Wonks

I wrote a column today for The New York Times riffing off many of our previous conversation around Kendrick Lamar's Good Kid M.A.A.D City. The album is incredible. It is that rare work of art that gets better the more you hear it. I was tweeting last night with commenter David White about how incredulous I was about comparisons between Good Kid and Illmatic. David made a great point: The comparisons are the kind of hyperbole that leave you skeptical, until you actually sit down and listen to the album.

At any rate, what I most appreciate is how Good Kid evokes the wages of living in a world where lethal violence is the norm:

When your life is besieged, the music is therapy, vicarious mastery in a world where you control virtually nothing, least of all the fate of your body. I had a friend in middle school who would play Rakim every morning because he knew there was a good chance that he would be jumped en route to or from school by the various crews that roamed the area. But, in his mind, the mask of rap machismo made him too many for them.

"Good Kid" is narrative told from behind the mask. Fantasies of rage and lust are present, but fear pervades Lamar's world. He pitches himself not as "Compton's Most Wanted" but as "Compton's Human Sacrifice." He loves the city, even as he acknowledges that the city is trying to kill him. "If Pirus and Crips all got along," he says, "They'd probably gun me down by the end of this song...."

I must confess my bias. I grew up in Baltimore during a time when the city was in the thrall of crack and Saturday night specials. I've spent most of my life in neighborhoods suffering their disproportionate share of gun violence. In each of these places it was not simply the deaths that have stood out to me, but the way that death corrupted the most ordinary of rituals. On an average day in middle school, fully a third of my brain was obsessed with personal safety. I feared the block 10 times more than any pop quiz. My favorite show in those days was "The Wonder Years." When Kevin Arnold went to visit his lost-found love Winnie Cooper, he simply hopped on his bike. In Baltimore, calling upon our Winnie Coopers meant gathering an entire crew. There was safety in numbers. Alone, we were targets.
The point I tried to make in the column was that people who don't listen to rap, but regularly work on gun violence issues, should really give this album several listens. And I don't think the profanity is a real excuse not to. The album deserves to be engaged. Hip-hop expresses the id of young boys. I'm not really convinced that that id is any more horrifying than the rest of our mass entertainment. That is not a defense of misogyny. I think everybody sins. But somehow, black people always seem to sin worse.

The Legality of the White Paper and Summary Execution

Jeffrey Rosen looks at the legality of the White Paper on extrajudicial killing and finds it "troubling on many levels." Here Rosen zeroes in on the notion that execution is warranted, if capture is infeasible:
When officials conclude that "capture is infeasible," the memo continues, "the intrusion of any Fourth Amendment interests would be outweighed by .... the interest in protecting the lives of Americans." But of course, the question of whether American lives are, in fact, imminently threatened by a particular suspect is precisely the determination that the administration claims the right to make on its own--without an opportunity for an independent judge to examine the factual basis for the claim. "There exists no appropriate judicial forum to evaluate these constitutional considerations," the Justice Department insists.

This "trust us" argument is precisely the one the Supreme Court rejected in the 2004 Hamdi, where the Court upheld the Bush administration's power to detain enemy combatants, on the grounds that it had been authorized by Congress, but only after insisting that suspects could challenge the factual basis for their detention before a neutral decision maker. The Obama administration repeatedly invokes the Hamdi case to justify targeted assassinations, which have been specifically prohibited by Congress, and then omits the Supreme Court's requirement that independent judges need to have the last word on whether or not suspects are, in fact, as dangerous as the administration claims.
Over at Wired, David Kravets's reporting finds similarly dubious legality:
Much in the white paper rests on the 2001 Authorization for the Use of Military Force, passed by Congress in the wake of the 9/11 attacks to pursue al-Qaida. Like the Bush administration before it, the Obama administration white paper rejects any geographical restriction on where it can launch its drone strikes and commando raids. But the Bush administration actually stopped short of declaring that it had the authority to kill American citizens.

Eugene R. Fidell, president emeritus of the National Institute of Military Justice and a Yale Law School military legal scholar, disputes that the AUMF is a proper legal basis for extrajudicial killings globally of U.S. citizens.

"It is not a general declaration of war on every Islamic extremist in the world," Fidell said of the AUMF. "There are limits."

He added that the Authorization for Use of Military Force was not a "global warrant" to go after every terrorist, and that Congress must change the law to comport with the Obama administration's legal theory for it to stick.
Via Conor Friedersdorf, here is something else I missed. When 16-year-old Abdulrahman al-Awlaki was killed by this administration, Robert Gibbs responded in the following manner:
ADAMSON: ... It's an American citizen that is being targeted without due process, without trial. And, he's underage. He's a minor. 
GIBBS: I would suggest that you should have a far more responsible father if they are truly concerned about the well being of their children. I don't think becoming an al Qaeda jihadist terrorist is the best way to go about doing your business. 
I find that answer unconscionable. More from Conor here.

UPDATE: Also more on the legal question from our own Andrew Cohen.

What Would Orwell Make of Obama's Drone Policy?

On the advice of the Horde, I took up George Orwell's "Politics and the English Language." This passage seems especially appropriate today:
In our time, political speech and writing are largely the defense of the indefensible. Things like the continuance of British rule in India, the Russian purges and deportations, the dropping of the atom bombs on Japan, can indeed be defended, but only by arguments which are too brutal for most people to face, and which do not square with the professed aims of the political parties. Thus political language has to consist largely of euphemism, question-begging and sheer cloudy vagueness. Defenseless villages are bombarded from the air, the inhabitants driven out into the countryside, the cattle machine-gunned, the huts set on fire with incendiary bullets: this is called pacification. Millions of peasants are robbed of their farms and sent trudging along the roads with no more than they can carry: this is called transfer of population or rectification of frontiers. People are imprisoned for years without trial, or shot in the back of the neck or sent to die of scurvy in Arctic lumber camps: this is called elimination of unreliable elements.
I thought of that passage while reading through this white paper (brought to us by the dutiful reporting of Mike Isikoff), which lays out when, precisely, the administration believes it is entitled to order a drone strike against an American citizen. (Read the full memo at the bottom of this post.) The answer falls short of "whenever we want," but it skirts damn close:
A confidential Justice Department memo concludes that the U.S. government can order the killing of American citizens if they are believed to be "senior operational leaders" of al-Qaida or "an associated force" -- even if there is no intelligence indicating they are engaged in an active plot to attack the U.S. 

The 16-page memo, a copy of which was obtained by NBC News, provides new details about the legal reasoning behind one of the Obama administration's most secretive and controversial polices: its dramatically increased use of drone strikes against al-Qaida suspects abroad, including those aimed at American citizens, such as the September 2011 strike in Yemen that killed alleged al-Qaida operatives Anwar al-Awlaki and Samir Khan. Both were U.S. citizens who had never been indicted by the U.S. government nor charged with any crimes.
All of this is done in secret, a prospect which Adam Serwer rightly finds chilling:
The Obama administration claims that the secret judgment of a single "well-informed high level administration official" meets the demands of due process and is sufficient justification to kill an American citizen suspected of working with terrorists. That procedure is entirely secret. Thus it's impossible to know which rules the administration has established to protect due process and to determine how closely those rules are followed. The government needs the approval of a judge to detain a suspected terrorist. To kill one, it need only give itself permission.
I highly advise you to read the memo. The powers it claims are broad and, as Isikoff pointed out on Rachel Maddow's show, actually contradict some of the administration's public statements and enter into Orwell's world of false language rendered to conceal an arguments "too brutal for most people to take." 

Consider the notion of "imminence." Last year Eric Holder claimed that a lethal strike against an American citizen can only be made if to protect against "an imminent threat of violent attack." But the white paper states that imminence "does not require that the United States to have clear evidence that a specific attack on U.S. persons or interests will take place in the significant future." Effectively, the word "imminence" has no meaning beyond "we think you're a bad guy."

The white paper further claims that it can carry out operations "with the consent of the host nation's government," and then moves on to declare that such operations would still be lawful "after a determination that the host nation is unwilling or unable to suppress the threat posed by the individual targeted." In other words, we will ask your consent, but we don't really need it.

This kind of language -- imminence that isn't, consent at gun-point -- runs throughout the white paper. It authorizes, for instance, not just the killing of Al Qaeda leaders, but of any "an associated force." Who determines what constitutes "an associated force?" The same people ordering the killing. 

I don't want to be thick-witted here. I understand that on some level a democracy generally elects human leaders who will not abuse the spirit of the law. I think Barack Obama is such a leader. That is for the historians to determine. But practically, much of our foreign policy now depends on the hope of benevolent dictators and philosopher kings. The law can't help. The law is what the kings say it is.

Justice Department Memo on Legal Case for Drone Strikes on Americans by Becki Jayne Equality Harrelson

Visualizing a Sham Social Contract

Parks.jpg

For the past few weeks we've talked about what a broken contract means for black America. As such, these images really hit me hard. I can't think of any better way to capture what we mean than to see children excluded from a world sheerly by dint of skin color. Again, it is worth consider what message the society was attempting to send black people.

The images were taken by Gordon Parks in 1956 in an attempt to depict Jim Crow America. The sad fact is that in the North, similar messages were being sent out. From Gordon Parks' Wikipedia page -- "When Parks was eleven years old, three white boys threw him into the Marmaton River, knowing he couldn't swim."

The Lost Battalion

It's yours...

Some Notes on 'The Dish'

My old buddy Andrew Sullivan went for delf this weekend. You've probably already seen the new set-up. If you haven't, go visit. If you like what you see, go subscribe. I really mean that. It strikes me as only right that if we enjoy something we should show our appreciation. I'm going on five years blogging now. I basically learned the form from Matt Yglesias and Sullivan. Moreover, I suspect a good many of you came here through Sullivan links, and even a few of you may have come in those early days when I was lucky to be guest-blogging for Matt.

Anyway I've been thinking a lot about how the form is evolving. In my own house, I feel like this is less and less blog, and more and more something between a salon and skull practice. A third of the posting I do (like the one below) is to give you guys room to riff, the other third is just me thinking out a loud, and the last third is somewhere in between. I think we have a problem here between form and function. I have to say, though the changes are small, Andrew's new spot looks a lot more like what he actually does. I especially like the "Recent Threads" bar with along with his "Recent Keepers" (an older feature) allow him to keep conversation going across time. We tend to lose that over here -- especially with out book discussions.

As you might imagine, I hope he's fabulously successful. I find Andrew to be maddening sometimes. But I always find him to be sincere. I still miss him among our "Voices." 

In Defense of Political Anger

Peter Beinart has some interesting reporting on why Chuck Hagel performed so poorly. Hagel was told to be as non-confrontational as possible and sent to pacify the lions with carrots:
All nominees are warned not to allow their hearings to turn combative, but a source close to Hagel suggests that the staffers prepping Hagel were particularly adamant on this score. "They expected [Jim] Inhofe, [John] McCain and especially [Ted] Cruz to come after him, and they said, 'Be a tank--don't rise and attack back.'" An aide involved in the Hagel preparations says that's overblown, but acknowledges that it was made clear that as a nominee, Hagel could not allow himself to be drawn into the kind of feisty exchange that Hillary Clinton had with Wisconsin Republican Ron Johnson during last month's hearings on Benghazi. This was considered particularly important in winning over those relatively moderate Senate Republicans like Tennessee's Lamar Alexander and Alaska's Lisa Murkowski, who administration aides believe like Hagel personally, and can be convinced to vote for him, or at least to oppose a Republican filibuster.
I usually avoid the all-too-common tactic of describing every Obama flub as some foretold advance in the long game. But I think the point here was to avoid a fumble. As Beinart says, it may not have been the best exhibition of Obama's second-term foreign policy, but it probably got him confirmed. If Hagel has to suffer hectoring by John McCain, so be it.

On a sidenote I really wish we would drop this discomfort with politicians getting "angry." Anger is human and sometimes wholly appropriate. My problem with John McCain has never been that he's angry, but that he's vindictive. 

The Language of Segregation Under Social Sanction

Continuing from our conversation around housing segregation and the language employed by those with power I think it's worth thinking some about the text of this petition:

"As moral, religious and law-abiding citizens, we feel that we are unprejudiced and undiscriminating in our wish to keep our community a closed community ... to protect our own."
The petition was put out in 1957, as Levittown sought to stave off integration. What's important to note is that we are well into post-war America and there is some social sanction emerging against prejudice and discrimination. What the petition does is effectively endorse prejudice and discrimination while claiming not to. Another example:

"We favor racial integration, but only at such time the negro shows he is ready for it."
Anyone familiar with the popular notion that talking about racism makes one racist will recognize the tactic. It's important to understand that the form is old. As social sanction emerged against slavery after the Civil War, you found former slaveholders insisting that the War actually wasn't about slavery--even as they sought to erect Black Codes which effectively perpetrated slavery.

I need to read Orwell. Like yesterday.

The Effects of Housing Segregation on Black Wealth

In his book Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North, Tom Sugrue makes a great point while discussing the erection of Levittowns. The premier suburban developments excluded blacks and became bastions of white supremacy. Here Sugrue looks at Levittown, Pennsylvania:

As was the case in every Levittown, by Levitt's orders, not a single resident was black. It was not for a shortage of potential black buyers. Black housing demand far exceeded supply. In metropolitan Philadelphia, between 1946 and 1953, only 347 of 120,000 new homes built were open to blacks. Racial exclusion had perverse economic effects: It created a vast gap between supply and demand. As a result, blacks paid more for housing on average than did whites. In nearly every northern city, black newcomers crammed into old and run-down housing, mainly in dense central neighborhoods left behind by upwardly mobile whites.
This is really sinister. In rhetoric, at the time, America claimed "separate but equal." In effect, what you see is something more like "separate and serfdom." The policy was to keep black people from moving out of ghettos, and to keep them from marketing their labor in competition with whites, unless absolutely necessary. It is not enough to merely understand segregation as a means to keep the "races" separate. Segregation is about rendering black people a permanent underclass. This is not about an amorphous diversity. This is about power.

Part of keeping power out of black hands is turning the community's aspirational class into a bevy of easy marks. You can only imagine what kind of money was made exploiting the dreams of middle class black people trapped in the ghettos of America. That money represents a transfer of wealth from black hands to white hands. It continued unabated from the early 20th century, through the New Deal (which actually aided this process), well into the 1960s.

We spend a great deal of time talking about the black poor, but less talked about is how America for most of its history has actively punished black ambition. The black middle class has been the field for demonstrations upon the subject of what happens to "niggers with ideas." Any history of race riots in America will note that the targets are invariably institutions of black improvement -- churches, "black wall streets," schools, homes, etc.  it's worth considering what message a country sends to a people when it persecutes ambition. 

And it's worth thinking about how this country thought about black citizenship. William Levitt pitched homeownership as act of patriotism:

No man who owns his own house and lot can be a Communist. He has too much to do.
When a nation excludes a people from the process of patriotism, what is it saying to them?

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