One More Note About Integrative Thinking

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A reader sent me the following note in response to my post on innovation not being about math, but about more flexible, "integrative" thinking:

Most schools where I live seem to tout their 'integrated' curricula. It's certainly the case at every public and private school I've visited in the last few months (our son is entering kindergarten next year). Usually this integration takes the form of choosing a theme (fall harvest, civil rights, sea life, etc) and weaving it into project for each subject (art, science, history, etc). While far better than the old silo approach to class work, this integration trend strikes me as stopping short of truly encouraging integrative thinking. Perhaps the structure of the classes alone isn't enough to foster the type of innovation our country now requires. It seems like the methodology of integrated teaching ... might be just as important.

Roger Martin, the dean of the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto (whom I mentioned in the post) would agree. Some of his thoughts on the subject, from an interview I did with him last year:

Where I don't agree entirely with lots of the efforts to be multi-disciplinary is that I think you have to build a basic science of multi-disciplinarity. I've come to believe from my work on this, and on this issue in business, that we have a flawed, implicit theory about interdisciplinarity. That you can be interdisciplinary by being taught multiple disciplines and being taught critical thinking. And I think that's an excellent start, but it's not enough.

Critical thinking is still much more based on which is the better model. I don't think you're taught to tear apart a model of marketing that's based on the basic science of psychology and a finance model that's based on the science of economics. I think it is an absolute fantasy that if you teach people critical thinking, they'll be able to think productively across models. I think [thinking across models] in and of itself is a discipline you have to learn, that's separate from what you're taught in critical thinking. I think there's a discipline, a basic science of interdisciplinarity, that's as much a discipline as neuroscience, as biology, as chemistry, as literature, as law. And I believe it can be built, and we're building it.

Obviously, there's far more on this subject that could be said, and should be discussed, but just thought I'd add a little more information/clarification about what the difference is -- at least how Martin sees it--between multidisciplinary studies and true interdisciplinarity, and critical thinking versus integrative thinking. Food for thought, as I sign off from Jim's blog on this site, and return to my own.

This post originally appeared on James Fallows's blog.

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Lane Wallace is an author, pilot and adventure writer. Her latest book is Surviving Uncertainty: Taking a Hero's Journey. More

Wallace is the founder and editor of No Map. No Guide. No Limits., a blog dedicated to exploring and promoting a more adventurous and entrepreneurial approach to life.  She is an internationally known aviation columnist and writer and has written six books for NASA on flight and space exploration. She has also written two books on the life lessons of adventure: Surviving Uncertainty; and Unforgettable, a collection of some of her favorite adventure stories.

Wallace's books are the product of more than 20 years of experience as a pilot and adventure writer. She's climbed mountains in Nepal and Europe, kayaked the Na Pali Coast of Hawaii, gone wreck-diving in French Polynesia, and explored glaciers in Alaska. Her adventures have also included flying relief supplies in both the Amazon jungle and conflict zones in Africa, and donning a space suit to fly an Air Force U-2 above 70,000 feet.  In addition, Wallace has worked as a writer and producer on a number of television and video projects, winning a 2006 Telly Award for her work on the documentary Breaking the Chain.

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