Alexis C. Madrigal

Alexis Madrigal is a senior editor at The Atlantic, where he oversees the Technology channel. He's the author of Powering the Dream: The History and Promise of Green Technology. More

The New York Observer calls Madrigal "for all intents and purposes, the perfect modern reporter." He co-founded Longshot magazine, a high-speed media experiment that garnered attention from The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and the BBC. While at Wired.com, he built Wired Science into one of the most popular blogs in the world. The site was nominated for best magazine blog by the MPA and best science Web site in the 2009 Webby Awards. He also co-founded Haiti ReWired, a groundbreaking community dedicated to the discussion of technology, infrastructure, and the future of Haiti.

He's spoken at Stanford, CalTech, Berkeley, SXSW, E3, and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and his writing was anthologized in Best Technology Writing 2010 (Yale University Press).

Madrigal is a visiting scholar at the University of California at Berkeley's Office for the History of Science and Technology. Born in Mexico City, he grew up in the exurbs north of Portland, Oregon, and now lives in Oakland.

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Meet the Zedonk, the Zebra-Donkey Hybrid

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A rare cross between a donkey and zebra was born last week at the Chestatee Wildlife Preserve in Georgia. The new baby "zedonk" is the latest in short line of the hybrids.

"Donkeys and zebras don't usually mate, but zedonks turn up occasionally. In 2005, a zebra gave birth to a zedonk in Barbados, according to the news website Science Daily," the AP reports. "And in the 1970s, three zedonks were born at a European zoo to a donkey mother, according to the website of Britain's Colchester Zoo."

Now, the zedonk can finally take its place in the menagerie of weird hybrid animals like ligers, wholphins, and camas (camel-llama mixes), all testaments to the power of "love" to transcend all obstacles, even speciation.

At the top of this page, you see a flickr image by Tim Ellis of one of those British zedonks.

Via @Wired

Google vs. Apple vs. Exxon: A Reminder of Scale

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Exxon's latest financials came in today, and after the last couple weeks of following tech companies' earnings reports, they were a not-so-subtle reminder of the relative scale of the two industries. Here I took the last quarter for each company (Apple, Google, Exxon) and plotted its revenue and net profit.

The margins of the oil business are obviously lower, but look at Exxon's revenue number. Around the world, people handed Exxon nearly $100 billion dollars in a single three-month period. Apple would have to sell 184 million of the cheapest iPad to hit Exxon's number.

(Side note: Excel 2008 is driving me nuts. Why did they make it so hard to label the axes? Why do attempts to make spreadsheet software easier to work with always result in greater complexity?)

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top_10_ISPs.002.png Ars Technica delivers a wonderful reminder about the scale and concentration of the Chinese Internet industry. Two ISPs serve 20 percent of the entire globe's broadband users.

Today's Hot Twitter Hashtag Joke: #wookieleaks

In the wake of the WikiLeaks war logs unveiling, Twitter's nerdy users have combined the organization's name and Star Wars to create a viral joke.

The hashtag #wookieleaks features all kind of quips about ewoks, Afghanistan, empire, and Princess Leah. The tag (obviously) takes its name from Chewbacca's Yeti-like species. People are using the tag in two ways. First, to retell the narrative of the Star Wars movies in the voice of contemporary political headline writing. And also to discuss current events under the guise of Star Wars characters. Here are some good ones we spotted

@tcarmody: Despite billions invested on construction of an untested defense system, the new Death Star may not yet be fully operational. #wookieleaks

@The_Squirrel_: Rebel escape on Death Star aided by Imperial troops' irrational fear of looking in garbage. #wookieleaks

@daudig: Protocol droid fluent in 6 mil languages discharged for violating DADT. #wookieleaks

@jbohlinger: Death Star bidding process shown to favor non-union exhaust port workers, ignored OSHA required inspections #wookieleaks

@Paul_Conrad: Jar Jar Binks defends use of word "refudiate" compares self to Alderaan's greatest poet #wookieleaks

Wondering what a hashtag is? Here's a quick explanation for Twitter neophytes:

Hashtags are one of the more interesting emergent phenomena on Twitter. The tags are words or phrases delineated by the poundsign (#wookieleaks). Twitter automatically turns words formatted that way into links that bring up a list of all the people who've included that hashtag in a Tweet. Originally used to keep track of conferences (#CarSales2010), now they often become punny categories for collective jokes, like a parlor game for millions. No one explains what the hashtag is supposed to mean, but users catch on from watching their friends play. It's like an instant inside joke that anyone can join.

What Arcade Game Sits in Google's DC Office?

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We headed to Google's Washington, DC office for a chat about privacy (more on that later), and guess what we found hulking by a break room? Only the best arcade game of the early 90s: Capcom's Street Fighter II.

For the record, I played with Chun Li and could beat the game on a quarter.

The Interrobang, Symbol of WTF Culture


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Meet the interrobang. Unless you happen to be a typographic expert, you probably haven't encountered the hybrid question mark-exclamation point. It was actually invented in the early 1960s by ad exec Martin Speckter but as language researcher Anne Trubek suggested last year, it just might be the symbol of our times.

I discovered the interrobang, and I have been thinking about it all week. And no, not because I am a grammar nerd, but because I think [the interrobang] may just sum up something about our clever yet confused culture...

Might we describe our current cultural zeitgeist as surprise superimposed over curiosity,  mixed together with attitude? Is the interrobang a 1960s, type-based version of WTF?  Is the interrobang a 1960s, type-based version of WTF?  A certain informal, witty, knowing, WTF way of approaching the world? Many clever Facebook status updates and comments could be defined, as Wikipedia does the interrobang, as "A sentence ending with an interrobang (1) asks a question in an excited manner, (2) expresses excitement or disbelief in the form of a question, or (3) asks a rhetorical question."
By now, I assume that you're sold on using the interrobang in your next Powerpoint (or getting it as your next tattoo), so you should know how to find it. If you've got Microsoft Word, it's hiding in the Wingdings 2 font. Hit shift+6 and you'll see the zeitgeist mark appear.

One last thought on the interrobang: does anyone know how I could search for a piece of punctuation like this? Google says it ignores most punctuation, and I'm assuming Microsoft works the same way. I think most OCR systems do filter out non-standard punctuation.

Case in point: This is a screen capture from the New York Times online obituary of Speckter. The interrobang has been erased from the obituary of its inventor.

interrobang_nyt2.jpgVia @Electric_Lit

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Why the Bible Makes Such a Good App

I'd Pay For Twitter, But Only if It Stayed Free for Everyone Else

Ok, I'll say it: I'd pay for Twitter, but only if it was free for everyone else. Let me explain.

In my line of work, it's by far the most useful social tool for delivering me interesting and relevant information. I hear similar things from other journalists and tech-lovers. Yet a USC Annenberg School of Communication survey released yesterday found that 0 percent of respondents said they'd pay for Twitter [pdf]. The obvious interpretation of the study is that people, even Twitter users, don't see a lot of value in the service.

But I don't think that's quite it. It's not that Twitter is worthless, but rather that in trying to charge for its value, you lose it. (The Twitter Uncertainty Principle?) A paywalled Twitter would destroy the healthy information ecosystem that's grown up around it. Users realize that Twitter has to be free to be Twitter, so of course they won't say they'd pay for it. The sum is worth a lot, but if and only if it's the sum.

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Growing Bible App Sales Hint at Shifting iPad Demographics

Here's an iPad metric that you might not be looking at: Bible app sales.

Monday, a Bible cracked the top 10 highest-grossing book applications for the iPad for the first time, according to Drew Haninger, CEO of the scripture app's publisher, Olive Tree.

The theory of the case here is that if Bible applications continue creeping up the sales rankings, we can infer that the demographics of the iPad are broadening out from what we assume is an urban, liberal, fairly areligious base.

The Bible, of course, is a mainstay iPhone book application, and easily the most popular book in the history of the world. On the Kindle, which probably has the broadest range of eReader users, the Bible ranked 50 in their list of best-sellers at the time of publication.

Olive Tree's NIV Bible BibleReader is the highest-grossing iPhone Bible app right now, too, ranked second in books just behind Green Eggs and Ham. Between the iPhone and iPad, including free versions, Haninger said his company is getting 3,000 downloads a day. The iBible may not exactly be iBeer in its heyday, but sales on the iPad are growing, Haninger said, as the device has passed 3.5 million units sold. (Atlantic colleague Eleanor Barkhorn also pointed out to me that the NIV is considered to be the more "conservative" Bible translation and less likely to be used at more liberal mainline churches.)

The rest of the top-selling book applications also suggest that the iPad isn't solely being purchased by young guys with cash to burn. The paid app list is dominated by Toy Story and Dr. Seuss titles! Anecdotally, parents seem to love the iPad for the child pacification magic tricks it can perform. A study by the consumer research firm, MyType, found that parents were more likely than non-parents to own an iPad.

There are a couple of strong counterarguments against the Bible app as demographic probe. First, books are a tiny slice of the overall app market. Even the best selling book apps aren't in the top 100 apps overall. Second, book sales are messy because books can be purchased for the iPad in a variety of ways, most prominently through the Apple's iBooks and Amazon's Kindle applications. So, caveat lector, we're looking at incomplete and only suggestive data.

Still, book (and Good Book) application sales are interesting because the heavy-duty game and joke app purchasers get screened out. Perhaps they allow us to have a more complete picture of who iPad users are, beyond just "selfish elites."

Graphic of the Day: The Cisco 'Artichoke of Attack'

artichoke.jpg Cisco recently posted it its semi-annual security report. It is packed with information, but as Alex Hutton of New School Security notes, the best thing about it is this hilarious graphic. The illustration is actually titled "The Artichoke of Attack," and the caption really spells out the metaphor.

"Modern hackers chip away at the hard-core exterior along the perimeter of the network to get to the heart of the enterprise, removing certain 'leaves' to reveal sensitive data," we read. 

Via Tim Maly

Dell's Shame: Intel Payola Propped Up Company's Earnings, SEC Says

In the wake of the dot-com crash, Dell was the darling of the media and investment worlds. While other companies were struggling to survive, good old Dell was a paragon of success. Unlike its competitors, Dell used aggressive supply-chain management to deliver value to its investors.

As the company met or exceeded its earnings per-share targets quarter after quarter, all kinds of stories sprang up about what made the company so special. Usually it was their abnormally amazing supply-chain management.

"Still relentlessly striving to get better faster, Dell intends to slash $2 billion in costs. CFO Jim Schneider has indicated that much of the cuts will come from manufacturing operations and the supply chain," Fast Company wrote in 2004. "That will put even more pressure on Dell's component makers. Michael Dell is fond of saying that in the high-tech business, you either grow or die. It all just happens much, much faster when you're living in Dell time."

But now we know, courtesy of an SEC investigation, that the Dell secret sauce was payments from Intel that kept rival AMD's chips out of Dell boxes.

The Economist reports on the whole sordid affair, which ended with the SEC extracting a $100 million fine from the Texas firm, though Dell neither admitted nor denied guilt in the settlement (emphasis added):

The penalty seems rather light given the gravity of the SEC's accusations. According to the commission, Dell would have missed analysts' earnings expectations in every quarter between 2002 and 2006 were it not for accounting shenanigans. This involved a deal with Intel, a big microchip-maker, under which Dell agreed to use Intel's central processing unit chips exclusively in its computers in return for a series of undisclosed payments, locking out Advanced Micro Devices, a big rival. (Intel is expected to settle a long-running anti-trust case that has highlighted these payments in the next couple of weeks.) The SEC's complaint said Dell had maintained "cookie-jar reserves" using Intel's money that it could dip into to cover any shortfalls in its operating results.

The SEC says that the company should have disclosed to investors that it was drawing on these reserves, but did not. And it claims that, at their peak, the exclusivity payments from Intel represented 76% of Dell's quarterly operating income, which is a breathtaking figure. Small wonder, then, that Dell found itself in a pickle when its quarterly earnings fell sharply in 2007 after it ended the arrangement with Intel. The SEC alleges that Dell attributed the drop to an aggressive product-pricing strategy and higher than expected component prices, when the real reason was that the payments from Intel had dried up.

It's amazing to read the investor conference call transcript from the first quarter of 2007, the period in which three-quarters of the company's operating income came from the Intel payments, according to the SEC.

Intel is hardly mentioned, meriting just two short comments. Even an analyst question about Dell's then-new deal with AMD, which signaled the end of the payments, didn't generate a peep about the possible impact of the Intel arrangement. Yet insiders at the company must have known that they were in trouble, if the SEC allegations are correct.

It's yet another example to stack on top of the maxim: when it seems too good to be true, it probably is. Even in "Dell Time."

Jailbreaking Your iPhone Now Legal

Jailbreaking, a way of modifying an iPhone to run unauthorized apps, has been deemed legal by the Library of Congress' Copyright Office.

Thanks to an obscure rulemaking procedure, the practice was granted an exemption under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, despite protests from Apple. The Electronic Frontier Foundation had sought the exemption.

"It's not just important because consumers have demonstrated they want to jailbreak their cell phones. It tells companies that want to create alternatives to the app store that there will be a customer for them," said Jennifer Granick, Civil Liberties Director at the Electronic Frontier Foundation. "If you have an application that Apple wouldn't like, you may well have an alternative outlet."

That could be important. Media observers have questioned whether Apple should be able to keep such tight control over the apps users' can put onto their phones. Such concerns flared when Apple initially rejected Pullitzer Prize-winning cartoonist Mark Fiore's app because it "ridicule[d] public figures."

Still, the new exemption is quite limited, in some senses:

Computer programs that enable wireless telephone handsets to execute software applications, where circumvention is accomplished for the sole purpose of enabling interoperability of such applications, when they have been lawfully obtained, with computer programs on the telephone handset.
While the copyright ruling provides protections for jailbreakers, the people who make the tools to do it are not similarly guarded from legal action. That's just how the provision was structured, Granick said, and was not a specific decision of the Copyright Office.

The regulation also cannot prevent Apple from playing hardball with would-be jailbreakers or making their phones difficult to crack. 

Apple did not return my request for comment by the time I posted this story. I'll update if I hear from them.

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Best Tweet Gets a Job: One Ad Exec's Crazy Hiring Plan

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It was just an average day on Twitter last week until I saw this Tweet: "@mikemckayecd: I have a writer position worth $70k. Funniest twitter response gets it."


Two questions sprang to mind: Who was this guy -- and was he serious? Turns out he's Mike McKay, executive creative director of Saatchi and Saatchi LA, an arm of one of the world's larger advertising firms, and yes, he's serious. 

"It's really hard to find good writers. I don't know why," McKay told me. "It's even harder to find people to write dialogue. It's even harder to find funny writers."

And funny, viral writers like the geniuses who scripted the Old Spice man's recent viral videos? Forget about it. "It's much easier to write long form," McKay said. "It's much harder to get someone interested in something in 140 characters."

This won't be the first time a tweet landed someone a job. It's not even quite unprecedented at Saatchi. The London office encouraged would-be interns to compete in a Facebook group challenge in which they battled to get the most members. But one tweet for a coveted advertising writing job? That's nuts even by Saatchi standards.

"I was like, 'Fuck it, I'm going to try it,'" McKay explained. "Immediately I get HR coming up and saying, 'What did you just do?'"

As it turns out, most of the good replies have come from people within the advertising industry. They have "books," portfolios of work from other agencies, and they've got some talent.

"I was thinking, maybe we'll get idiots and we'll be stuck: I'll have to hire one of these guys," he said. "But we got great writers."

Or so he claims. Here are his 17 finalists. McKay expects to pick someone by midweek with the help of this poll, so let him hear you in the comments or on Twitter if you like one in particular.

  • @hiremesf: Does that $70k include a free iphone bumper?
  • @Peglegington: You have to be concise on Twitter. Like a circumcision, everything extra gets cut off whether you like it or not.
  • @BrotherlessGrim: Is the $70K contingent upon doing some "work" in San Fernando Valley?
  • JDBeebe: 01101000 01101001 01110010 01100101 00100000 01101101 01100101 00100001 [Editor's note: That's binary for "hire me!"]
  • @faketv: nigerian ad agency seek writers, send $$$
  • @jough_stef: I should have an advantage because I can post my entire resume & referrals in less than 140 characters.
  • @bwillenberg: $70K will secure an exchange deal between Aust and the US. You take me and Aust will take back Mel Gibson. Deal?
  • @iscoff: Is this contest nearly over? I have to start training for the astronaut job I won on Facebook.
  • @um_giz: Does $70k cover the cost of a boob job in LA? I'd be moving with my girlfriend and I'm worried about her self-esteem.
  • @inrgbwetrust: Ever lie awake as your MacBook makes the wall gently throb with light? That's Steve Jobs playing 'Just The Tip' w/ your soul.
  • @brendyn: I hope this job isn't for Scion. They're like the Twitter version of a car. 140 inches or less.
  • @tontino: Oh, finally! This must be for one of those American Recovery and Reinvestment Act jobs I've read so much about.
  • @paleofuture: I had another one about Bogusky and safe words, but I'm moving to LA and actually want the job.
  • @moz85: I feel like if my iPhone could speak, it would only address itself in third person
  • @MstrMn: I'am probabbly the moost qaulified four thes righter jobe.
  • @azahnweh: What's the job number? I'm going to bill the shit out of it.
  • @jacklovesnachos: For the least funny tweet, how about an AE position?
  • @JDBeebe: Will bonuses be awarded for every "like" received on topical, work-related Facebook status updates?

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